Device for repair of a contact pad of a printed circuit board

ABSTRACT

Methods and devices are provided for repairing a damaged contact pad that is located on a first surface of a printed circuit board and connected to a via that passes through the circuit board. According to the method, a countersink hole is created in the first surface of the printed circuit board in a location that is substantially centered on an axis passing through the via, and a replacement structure is inserted into the countersink hole. The replacement structure has a stem portion, a head portion, and a shoulder portion that connects the stem and head portions, with the angle of the shoulder portion substantially matching the angle of the shoulder of the countersink hole. The stem portion of the replacement structure is permanently attached to sidewalls of the via so as to electrically couple the head portion of the replacement structure to the via.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 11/623,484, filed Jan.16, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,399,930. The entire disclosure of priorapplication Ser. No. 11/623,484 is herein incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to repairing printed circuit boards, andmore particularly relates to a method and device for repairingindividual contact pads of a printed circuit board.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Printed-wiring technology is currently used to fabricate circuit boardshaving embedded circuit traces. These traces are interconnected by“vias,” or plated thru-holes, that connect one trace on one circuitboard layer to another trace on a different layer. In electronicsystems, there are a variety of electrical connection types between thecircuit board and the components such as integrated circuits that areattached to the circuit board. As integrated circuits become more dense,so too must the electrical connections.

A land grid array (LGA) is an electrical connection interface forcomponents, such as microprocessors. Unlike the pin grid array (PGA)interface commonly found on integrated circuits, with LGA, there are nopins on the chip; in place of the pins are pads of bare gold-platedcopper that touch pins on the circuit board. Such LGAs offer highinterconnection density (e.g., at a one millimeter pitch, a 35×35 gridmay contain 1,225 interconnections in a space less than 1.5 squareinches and 2,025 interconnections in a 45×45 grid less than 1.75 squareinches). LGAs are easy to manufacture and the cost of module productionis much less because terminations such as pins or balls are no longerrequired.

Many modern circuit boards for use with LGAs or other electricalconnection interfaces have a very large number of connections and viasextending from the external connections on one surface of the circuitboard to internal wiring, and to wiring and connections on the oppositesurface of the circuit board. In many instances, if a few or even one ofthese connections is defective, the entire board is defective and theconnection and associated via must either be repaired or replaced, orthe entire board has to be scrapped.

One known solution for working with damaged LGA pads is to remove thedamaged pad and utilize a lily pad-shaped repair pad that is etched on aprinted circuit board, as shown in FIG. 1. The pad 102 has a tailsection 104 that is able to be inserted through a via of a multi-layercircuit board and soldered on the opposite side of the circuit board.Conventional lily pad-shaped repair pads are manufactured by etching thepad 102 onto a copper-plated board 124, and then cutting along lines106-122 to remove the pad. Once the pad 102 is removed from the circuitboard 124, the tail 104 is folded down so that it can be inserted intothe appropriate via. Unfortunately, as shown in FIG. 2, this leaves avoid 202 in the portion of the pad 102 that is to be used to makecontact with a component. This results in a repaired site with a padthat does not have a round and smooth contact pad surface. This presentsa problem, particularly with components that have spring movementcontact arms.

Spring movement LGA socket devices, such as the Tyco“cantilevered-spring,” typically reduce co-planarity problems byeffectively taking up slack when there is a problem with co-planarity onthe bottom of the device. However, spring contacts move as the componentis pressed against the LGA pads.

Because of the irregular surface of the lily pad-shaped pad, attachmentmechanisms such as a cantilevered-type spring connector cannot be used,as the tip of the connector may bind on the gap 202 on the repaired pad102 during the mating/compression process, causing further damage to therepaired pad or damage to the interconnect device.

Another known solution is to use a replacement pad and a wire that runsthrough the circuit board. More specifically, in this repair process thedamaged pad is removed from one side of the circuit board. The wire isinserted into the via and ran through so as to protrude on the oppositeside of the circuit board. The replacement pad is attached to the areafrom which the damaged pad was removed using an adhesive, and the wireis soldered to the replacement pad. The wire protruding on the oppositeside of the circuit board is soldered to the via and the excess wire isclipped so as to make it flush with the circuit board. While the damagedpad is replaced, this repair process requires the creation of a secondsolder connection on the underside of the repair pad, which createsanother point of failure.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for repairinga damaged contact pad that is located on a first surface of a printedcircuit board and connected to a via that passes through the circuitboard. According to the method, a countersink hole is created in thefirst surface of the printed circuit board in a location that issubstantially centered on an axis passing through the via, and areplacement structure is inserted into the countersink hole. Thereplacement structure has a stem portion, a head portion, and a shoulderportion that connects the stem and head portions, with the angle of theshoulder portion substantially matching the angle of the shoulder of thecountersink hole. The stem portion of the replacement structure ispermanently attached to sidewalls of the via so as to electricallycouple the head portion of the replacement structure to the via.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides replacementstructure for repairing a damaged contact pad on a printed circuitboard. The replacement structure includes a head portion, a slopingshoulder portion connected to the head portion, and a stem portionconnected to the shoulder portion so that the replacement structure hasa generally T-shaped configuration. The head portion has a substantiallyplanar upper surface for electrically and physically contacting anelectrical component, and the shoulder portion has an angle thatsubstantially matches the angle of a countersink hole in the circuitboard. The stem portion is able to be inserted into a via that is in thecircuit board below the damaged contact pad.

A further embodiment of the present invention provides a printed circuitboard having a repaired contact pad. The printed circuit board includesa via that passes through the circuit board, a countersink hole in afirst surface of the printed circuit board in a location that issubstantially centered on an axis passing through the via, and areplacement structure that is inserted into the countersink hole. Thereplacement structure has a stem portion, a head portion, and a shoulderportion that connects the stem portion to the head portion, with theangle of the shoulder portion substantially matching the angle of ashoulder of the countersink hole. The stem portion of the replacementstructure is permanently attached to sidewalls of the via so as toelectrically couple the head portion of the replacement structure to thevia.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying figures, where like reference numerals refer toidentical or functionally similar elements throughout the separate viewsand which together with the detailed description below are incorporatedin and form part of the specification, serve to further illustratevarious embodiments and to explain various principles and advantages allin accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a conventional lily pad-shaped repair padetched on a printed circuit board.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the lily pad-shaped repair pad of FIG. 1 afterremoval from the printed circuit board and with its tail section bentdownward.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a portion of an exemplary LGA circuit boardwith two circular contact pads.

FIG. 4 is a side view of the LGA circuit board of FIG. 3 illustratingvias and conductive layers.

FIG. 5 is a side view of the LGA circuit board of FIG. 3 with acountersink hole drilled into an upper surface of the circuit boardaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 a is a top view of a replacement conductor/contact pin accordingto this embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 b is a side view of the replacement conductor/contact pin of FIG.6 a.

FIG. 7 is a side view showing the replacement conductor/contact pin ofFIG. 6 a inserted into the countersink hole of FIG. 5.

FIG. 8 is a side view showing the inserted replacement conductor/contactpin of FIG. 7 attached to the via according to this embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 9 is an operational flow diagram illustrating a contact pad repairprocess according to one embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosedherein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodimentsare merely exemplary of the invention, which can be embodied in variousforms. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosedherein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis forthe claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in theart to variously employ the present invention in virtually anyappropriately detailed structure. Further, the terms and phrases usedherein are not intended to be limiting; but rather, to provide anunderstandable description of the invention.

The present invention, according to preferred embodiments, provides adevice and method for repairing or replacing an electrical interface ona printed circuit board, such that the repaired device presents a soliddurable surface that is able to accept spring loaded LGA socketedcomponents without danger of pad or component socket damage.

FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a portion of an exemplary LGA circuit board302 with two circular contact pads 304 and 306. Each of the contact pads304 and 306 is electrically coupled to a via 308 and 310, respectively.In the context of a printed circuit board, a “via” is a plated hole thatconnects one or more conductive (e.g., copper) pathways on one layer ofthe circuit board to features such as conductive pathways on one or moreother layers. As shown in FIG. 4, each of the vias 308 and 310penetrates the upper surface 402 of the circuit board 302 and travelsdown to reach the bottom surface 404.

Each of the vias 308 and 310 of FIG. 4 begins as a hole that is drilledor formed in the circuit board material, and then the hole is lined witha conductive metallic material to form a conductive sleeve that isattached to the walls of the via. The vias provide electricalcommunication between conductors, such as conductors 406 and 408, thatare provided on layers within the circuit board, as well as with contactpads 412 and 410 that are located on the bottom side 404 of the circuitboard 302.

Occasionally a contact pad is damaged. For example, via 310 of theexemplary circuit board shown in FIG. 3 has an area 312 in which thematerial of the pad 410 has broken off of the circuit board. Many othertypes of damage to contact pads are also known to occur. When a pad isdamaged, the entire board or electronic system can becomenon-functional. Therefore, it is important to be able to effectivelyrepair the damaged pad so that the circuit board functions properly anddoes not have to be discarded.

FIGS. 5-8, in conjunction with the flow diagram of FIG. 9, show aprocess for repairing/replacing a damaged contact pad according to oneembodiment of the present invention. The LGA pad repair process beginsat step 900 of FIG. 9 and moves directly to step 902, in which a drilldevice 502, shown in FIG. 5, is used to make a countersink hole 506 inthe upper surface 402 of the circuit board 302 in a location that issubstantially centered on an axis 514 passing through the via 504. Toproperly create the countersink hole, the bit 502 used to drill is muchlarger than the via 504, and preferably larger than the damaged contactpad. In this embodiment of the present invention, the drilling device502 is placed directly on top of the damaged contact pad 306. Thespinning drill completely removes the damaged contact pad from thecircuit board 302 as it sinks part way through the circuit boardmaterial to make the counterbore 506 (i.e., countersink hole).

The result is, as shown in the side views of the figures, a set ofshoulders 508 and 510, which from a top view is seen to be onecontinuous shoulder going around the via, above the previously-existingopening in the center of the via that passes through the remainder ofthe circuit board. The shoulder 508 and 510 of the countersink holeprovides a seat for a shoulder portion of a repair pin that is used inthis embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 a is top view of a replacement conductor/contact pad structure602 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Asshown, the replacement structure 602 has a substantially uniformlyround-shaped head 604 that will provide an area for electrical contactwith a component placed on the circuit board 302.

FIG. 6 b shows a side view of the replacement structure 602 (or “pin”)of FIG. 6 a. The pin 602 has a generally T-shaped configuration andincludes a stem portion 606 connected to the head portion 604 by ashoulder portion 608. In this embodiment, the pin 602 is one continuouspiece of material formed from a conductive substance, such as a metal.In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the head portion 604of the pin has a diameter 610 that is substantially equal to thegreatest diameter 512 of the countersink hole 506, and the shoulderportion 608 of the pin has an angle that substantially matches and mateswith the angle of the shoulder 508 and 510 of the countersink hole 506.

In this embodiment of the present invention, next in step 904 anadhesive 512 is applied to the shoulder 508 and 510 of the counterboredhole 506. The adhesive 512 can be epoxy or any other adhesive. In step906, the pin 602 is inserted into the via 504, as shown in FIG. 7. Theshoulder portion 608 of the pin 602 mates with the shoulder 508 and 510of the counterbored hole 506 (i.e., countersink) so as to be seatedsecurely in the hole. The adhesive 512 assists in permanently securingthe pin 602 in place.

In this embodiment, after the inserting step 906, the head portion 604extends from the top of the circuit board 302 by a height H that isequal to the height of an adjacent contact pad 304. In this raisedposition, the pin 602 provides a well-defined contact surface that issubstantially planar with the other contact pads to allow easyattachment of a component such as an integrated circuit that is to beattached to the circuit board 302.

In a further step 908, a piece of tape 702 is applied to the uppersurface of the head portion 604 of the pin 602 in an overlapping mannerso as to also cover a portion of the upper surface 402 of the circuitboard 302, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. The tape 702 acts to furthertemporarily secure the pin 602 into position and to protect the surfaceof the pin 602. In this embodiment, the tape is a high-temperature tapebecause the pin 602 is subsequently heated to a high temperature.

A soldering process is then performed in step 910 in which the stemportion 606 of the pin 602 is heated by accessing the stem 606 from thebottom side 404 of the circuit board 302. The heating can beaccomplished by any method, such as by using a soldering iron. Aftersufficient heating of the pin 602, solder 802 is provided to the heatedarea on the bottom side of the circuit board. Through a naturalphenomena known as “sweating,” some of the solder is sucked into thesmall gap between the pin 602 and the via walls 504. The solder 802provides a solid conductive joint between the pin 602 and the conductivemetallic material lining the walls of the via 505. Thus, there is formeda direct conductive pathway from the head portion 604 of the pin 602, towhich a component will be attached, to conductors 406 and 408 providedon layers within the circuit board 302. The pin 602 also provides adirect electrical connection through the circuit board 302. In thisembodiment, the pin 602 is of a length so that, when seated on theshoulder 508 and 510 of the counterbored hole 506, the pin extends justto the bottom surface 404 of the circuit board 302. This length providesthe added advantage that there is no need to trim the stem portion 606after the pin 602 is soldered into position, as shown in FIG. 8.

In step 912, the tape 702 is removed after the pin 602 has been securelysoldered into place. Thus, the original damaged contact pad 306 is nowreplaced by the replacement conductor/contact pad structure 602 and theprocess ends at step 914.

Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention provide advantagesover conventional methods of contact pad repair. The replacementconductor/contact pad structure 602 (or “pin”) used in embodiments ofthe present invention is easily inserted into and connected to thecircuit board so as to provide a replacement pad surface that hassubstantially the same size and shape as the original pad and requiresonly one solder connection. Also, the surface of the replacementstructure is flat, smooth, and void of any gaps, so it is compatiblewith both wire ball interconnect devices and spring interconnectdevices.

The terms “a” or “an”, as used herein, are defined as one or more thanone. The term “plurality”, as used herein, is defined as two or morethan two. The term “another”, as used herein, is defined as at least asecond or more. The terms “including” and/or “having”, as used herein,are defined as comprising (i.e., open language). The term “coupled”, asused herein, is defined as connected, although not necessarily directly.

Although specific embodiments of the invention have been disclosed,those having ordinary skill in the art will understand that changes canbe made to the specific embodiments without departing from the spiritand scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is not to berestricted, therefore, to the specific embodiments, and it is intendedthat the appended claims cover any and all such applications,modifications, and embodiments within the scope of the presentinvention.

1. A replacement structure for repairing a damaged contact pad on aprinted circuit board, the structure comprising: a head portion with asubstantially planar upper surface for electrically and physicallycontacting an electrical component; a sloping shoulder portion having anangle for substantially matching an angle of a countersink hole in thecircuit board, the shoulder portion being connected to the head portion;and a stem portion for insertion into a remaining portion of a via thatis in the circuit board below the damaged contact pad, the stem portionbeing connected to the shoulder portion so that the replacementstructure has a generally T-shaped configuration, wherein the slopingshoulder portion slopes at a constant angle from a lower surface of thehead portion to an upper surface of the stem portion, and the headportion, shoulder portion, and stem portion combine such that thereplacement structure has a length that is substantially equal to thedistance from an upper surface of the damaged contact pad through thevia to a bottom surface of the circuit board so as not to protrude fromthe bottom surface of the circuit board.
 2. The replacement structureaccording to claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the head portion issubstantially round.
 3. The replacement structure according to claim 1,wherein the head portion is substantially round with a diameter that issubstantially equal to a greatest diameter of the countersink hole.
 4. Aprinted circuit board having a repaired contact pad, the printed circuitboard comprising: a via that passes through the printed circuit board,the via comprising a hole with sidewalls and a conductive material thatis attached to the sidewalls; a countersink hole in a first surface ofthe printed circuit board in a location that is substantially centeredon an axis passing through the via, the countersink hole passing onlypart way through the printed circuit board so as to be located above aremaining portion of the via that passes through a remainder of theprinted circuit board; and a replacement structure inserted into thecountersink hole and the remaining portion of the via, the replacementstructure including a stem portion, a head portion, and a shoulderportion that connects the stem portion to the head portion, the shoulderportion having an angle that substantially matches an angle of ashoulder of the countersink hole, wherein the stem portion of thereplacement structure is permanently attached to the conductive materialattached to the sidewalls of the remaining portion of the via so as toelectrically couple the stem portion of the replacement structure to theconductive material attached to the sidewalls of the remaining portionof the via, and a bottom surface of the replacement structure issubstantially planar with a bottom surface of the circuit board so asnot to protrude from the bottom surface of the circuit board.
 5. Theprinted circuit board according to claim 4, wherein the damaged contactpad is completely removed.
 6. The printed circuit board according toclaim 4, wherein the shoulder portion of the replacement structure isattached to the shoulder of the countersink hole by an adhesive.
 7. Theprinted circuit board according to claim 4, wherein the stem portion ofthe replacement structure is permanently attached to the conductivematerial attached to the sidewalls of the remaining portion of the viaby solder such that the solder provides a solid conductive joint betweenthe replacement structure and the conductive material attached to thesidewalls of the remaining portion of the via.
 8. The printed circuitboard according to claim 4, wherein a top surface of the replacementstructure is substantially planar with a top surface of an adjacentcontact pad on the circuit board.
 9. The printed circuit board accordingto claim 4, wherein the head portion of the replacement structure issubstantially round with a diameter that is substantially equal to agreatest diameter of the countersink hole.
 10. A replacement structurefor repairing a damaged contact pad on a printed circuit board, thestructure comprising: a head portion with a substantially planar uppersurface for electrically and physically contacting an electricalcomponent; a sloping shoulder portion having an angle for substantiallymatching an angle of a countersink hole in the circuit board, theshoulder portion being connected to the head portion; and a stem portionfor insertion into a remaining portion of a via that is in the circuitboard below the damaged contact pad, the stem portion being connected tothe shoulder portion so that the replacement structure has a generallyT-shaped configuration, wherein the sloping shoulder portion slopes at aconstant angle from a lower surface of the head portion to an uppersurface of the stem portion, and the replacement structure has a lengthsuch that, when the replacement structure is inserted into thecountersink hole and the remaining portion of the via, a bottom surfaceof the replacement structure is substantially planar with a bottomsurface of the circuit board so as not to protrude from the bottomsurface of the circuit board.
 11. The replacement structure according toclaim 10, wherein the upper surface of the head portion is substantiallyround.
 12. The replacement structure according to claim 10, wherein thehead portion is substantially round with a diameter that issubstantially equal to a greatest diameter of the countersink hole.